<p>Boneyfiddle Commercial District is a neighborhood and historic district in Portsmouth, Ohio, United States. Also known as the Historic Boneyfiddle District, it is located at the confluence of the Scioto and Ohio rivers on Second Street and is bounded roughly by Front, Washington, 3rd and Scioto streets. The community was founded by German immigrants in the mid-19th century and was developed during the booming industrial economy of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>On June 6, 1979, the Boneyfiddle Commercial District was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Dreese&#39;s Covered Bridge is located in Beaver Township, Snyder County, Pennsylvania. The wooden covered bridge is located northeast of Beavertown and spans Middle Creek. It was built around 1870 and rehabilitated in 2001. The road bypassed the bridge in 1979 and the bridge is open to pedestrian traffic only. It is designed as a covered burr arch-truss. Total length is 95 feet. This bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel President, formerly the President Hotel, is a historic hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. It is now operated as the Hilton President Kansas City by Jury Hotel Group of Overland Park Kansas, and is located at 1327-35 Baltimore Avenue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The President Hotel was built in 1925 by Niagara Falls businessman Frank A. Dudley and operated by the United Hotels Company. The hotel was built in a construction boom that also saw the erection of the nearby Mainstreet Theater, Midland Theatre, and Kansas City Power and Light Building.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, it was the headquarters for the 1928 Republican National Convention, which nominated Herbert Hoover for President. The hotel&#39;s Drum Room lounge attracted entertainers such as Frank Sinatra, Benny Goodman and Marilyn Maye.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of 1935, a man using an assumed name at the time but later identified as Artemus Ogletree, was found severely assaulted in room 1046 after a two-day stay marked by odd behavior and interactions with a mysterious "Don&quot he later died in the hospital. The case remains unsolved.</p><br>
<p>The hotel closed in 1980. It later underwent a $45.5 million restoration by developer Ron Jury and reopened in 2005 as the Hilton President Kansas City. The hotel is managed by Jury Hotel Group of Overland Park, Kansas. The hotel&#39;s General Manager is Philip Strnad.</p><br>
<p>Additional renovations were completed in 2017. These renovations included all guest rooms and meeting rooms. The Presidential Suite, and Reagan suites were renovated in 2019.</p><br>
<p>The President Hotel is the only hotel located in the Power and Light District.</p><br>
<p>The President is a franchise hotel of Hilton Hotels of Bethesda, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel President was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Jubilee Hall is the oldest academic building on the campus of Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1876, it was the universitys first permanent building, and is a good local example of Gothic Revival architecture. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974, in recognition of the universitys place as one of the first historically black colleges and universities to be established after the American Civil War. It presently serves as an undergraduate residence hall. In 2017 the Tennessee Historical Commission installed a marker honoring the Fisk Jubilee Singers, whose 1870s European tour raised the funds to pay for the building&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Jubilee Hall is located on the Northern side of the Fisk University Campus, on a loop drive at the Northern end of 17th Avenue North at Meharry Boulevard. It is a large L-shaped masonry building, six stories in height, with a hip roof adorned with gabled dormers and projections. Its main facade is divided into a central section and slightly projecting end sections, with a tower rising at the junction of the center and right sections. The tower rises to an open octagonal belfry and steeple, all adorned with Gothic spires. Windows are generally set in segmented-arch openings, either singly or pairwise, with arched stone lintels. The main roof cornice has decorative brick corbelling.</p><br>
<p>Fisk University was founded in 1865 through the efforts of the antislavery American Missionary Association, and was named for Clinton B. Fisk. The school was qualitatively different from other schools, in that it was designed from the outset to provide a full liberal arts education to its African-American students. In 1871, the financially troubled school raised funds to build Jubilee Hall by sending the Fisk Jubilee Singers in their first Europe singing tour in 1873. Jubilee Hall was built in 1873-76 with proceeds from the tour. It was designed by New York architect Stephen D. Hatch.</p><br>
<p>Although its exterior is little changed, the interior has been completely modernized to provide dormitory facilities. It also houses a floor-to-ceiling portrait of the original Jubilee Singers that was given to the university by Queen Victoria during the 1873 tour.</p><br>
<p>The Montgomery Bell Tunnel, also known as the Pattison Forge Tunnel, which Bell called "Pattison Forge"  after his mother&#39;s maiden name, is a historic water diversion tunnel in Harpeth River State Park in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Built in 1819, the 290 ft long tunnel is believed to be the first full-size tunnel built in the United States, and is the first used to divert water for industrial purposes. It was designated a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1981, and a National Historic Landmark in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Montgomery Bell Tunnel is located in a unit of Harpeth River State Park, north of the town of Kingston Springs, Tennessee. In this area, the Harpeth River undergoes a series of meanders. In one of these, two parts of the river are quite close after a lengthy oxbow, known as the Narrows of the Harpeth. The tunnel runs roughly north-south across this isthmus. It is 290 ft in length, and is dug entirely through limestone rock. Neither the tunnel nor its portals are lined in any way. The tunnel&#39;s profile shape is that of a rectangle topped by a segmented arch, and it is generally 8 ft high and 15 ft wide. The entrance portal is 12 ft high and 35 ft wide and the exit portal is 9.5 ft high and 16 ft wide. The tunnel has suffered some damage over the years due to erosive forces.</p><br>
<p>Montgomery Bell, an entrepreneur from Pennsylvania who was involved in iron foundries in central Tennessee, purchased the land in this area in 1818. Recognizing the potential to apply water power to the process of producing wrought iron, he directed the construction of this tunnel, which facilitates use of a 16 ft drop in river height for power generation.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel is the first known example in the United States of a "full-scale" water diversion tunnel. It is also apparently the first "full-scale" tunnel of any type in the United States, its completion predating that of the Auburn Tunnel (1821) in Pennsylvania, whose construction was begun first. The tunnel is the only feature of Bells iron works to survive; not surviving are a dam, head race, and the iron foundry itself, as well as Bells house, which was built nearby.</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s, the land in this area was leased to the Boy Scouts of America for use as a summer camp. It was deeded to the state in 1978.</p><br>
<p>In the late evening, on September 2, 2011, a fire was lit in the tunnel. The amount of driftwood from 2010&#39;s flood in the tunnel enlarged the fire. The fire was eventually extinguished in the early hours of the morning. The tunnel, and the road passing over it, were damaged. It and the road were stabilized, however, and Montgomery Bell Tunnel is again safe.</p><br>
<p>Rattle and Snap  is a plantation estate at 1522 North Main Street in Mount Pleasant, Tennessee. The centerpiece of the estate is a mid-1840s mansion that is one of grandest expressions of the Greek Revival in Tennessee. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its architecture, and for its association with the Polk family, once one of eastern Tennessee&#39;s largest landowners. The house is privately owned, but may be viewed by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Rattle and Snap is located on the south side of Andrew Jackson Highway (Tennessee State Route 243), roughly midway between the city centers of Mount Pleasant and Columbia; it is located at the eastern edge of the Mount Pleasant municipal boundary. The estate is presently more than 500 acre in size.</p><br>
<p>The main mansion house is a large two-story brick building covered by a shallow hip roof. It is L-shaped, with a long front facade covered by a stepped two-story colonnade, and with the brick finished in stucco. The center portion of the colonnade is fully pedimented four-column Greek temple portico, which projects forward from flanking pairs of columns, and another pair of columns set behind the end columns of the temple front. The interior of the house retains rich woodwork and plaster decorations in the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1845 by George Washington Polk, one of the sons of Colonel William Polk and a relative of President James K. Polk. His father was a North Carolina native and Revolutionary War officer who was appointed surveyor-general of the Middle District of Tennessee in 1784. The plantation originally stood on 5,648 acre. Rattle and Snap was built with slave labor and is the largest, most extravagant mansion in Maury County. George Polk and his family lived in this mansion for fifteen years, selling it in 1867 to Joseph Granberry. The Granberrys owned the property until about 1920, calling it "Oakwood Hall".</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, many plantations and mansions in the South were either looted or burned by Union soldiers. Rattle and Snap survived, allegedly because the senior Union Army officer, a Freemason, noticed Polk&#39;s Masonic ring in his formal portrait and refused to damage the home of a fellow Freemason. After the war, the Polk family went bankrupt and could not afford the land or the mansion; Rattle and Snap was sold to Joseph John Granbery in 1867. The Granberys lived in the mansion for over fifty years.</p><br>
<p>It is said to have been given its name from the fact that the land on which it was built was won from the Governor of North Carolina in a game of chance called Rattle and Snap.</p><br>
<p>It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Lancaster County Jail is a historic former jail building at 208 West Gay Street. Built in 1823, it is a virtually unaltered work of the noted early American architect Robert Mills, and reflects innovative changes in jail design promoted by him. It is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The old Lancaster County Jail is located in downtown Lancaster, on the north side of West Gay Street, between South French and South Catawba Streets. It is a three-story masonry structure, built out of brick covered with stucco, with stone trim elements and a gabled roof. Its main facade faces east, with the entrance and first-floor windows set in round-arched recesses. Stone string courses separate the floors, and stone quoining is found at the building corners. The sills and lintels of the windows are also of stone. The interior of the first floor has a barrel-vaulted brick ceiling, and has a hallway down the center, separating the jailers living quarters on one side from debtors cells on the other. The doors are made of heavy wooden planking with three-foot hinges. A stairway leads to the second floor, which has a series of barred cages at its center. The stairway is protected by heavy doors at the top and bottom.</p><br>
<p>The jail was built in 1823, and is almost certainly the work of Robert Mills, who was from 1820-30 a member of the state board of public works, and is generally credited with having designed virtually all of the states public architecture built in that time. Mills was an advocate of reform in prison conditions, including the improvement of air circulation in the cell blocks, and the separation of criminals and debtors from each other. He also called for the jailers quarters to be placed where the major features of the jail could be monitored; all of these features are found in the building, and the barrel-vaulted first-floor ceiling is also a Mills hallmark.</p><br>
<p>The Hoyle Historic Homestead, also known as Hoyle Family Homestead, Peter Hoyle House, and Pieter Hieyl Homeplace, is a mid- to late-18th century two-story house in Gaston County, North Carolina, with notable German-American construction features, the main block of which reflects two, and possibly three, phases, but the exact construction dates have not been determined. A major renovation, added a late Georgian and Federal finish, as well as front and rear shed porches. A brick well house and a frame smokehouse, both east of the house, date from the 19th century. Almost nine acres , with several large walnut trees, surround the buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Hoyle family</h2><br>
<p>Pieter Heyl, a miller from Adenbach, Germany, his wife, Catharine, and their children arrived in America on September 11, 1738, on the Robert and Alice, originally settling in northeast Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Heyl family, later Anglicized to Hoyle, then lived for some time in Frederick, Maryland, but by 1753 had moved to what is now Gaston County, North Carolina, then part of Anson County. Peter Hoyle died prior to January 20, 1761.</p><br>
<p>The exact date of construction of the house is not known, but various sources date it anywhere from 1750 to 1758. After Peters and his eldest son Jacobs deaths, which occurred within a year of each other, the land was inherited by Jacobs minor son Martin, who then transferred his interest to his uncle John. In 1794 the property went to Peter Hoyles other grandson, Andrew, who became a farmer and entrepreneur. "Rich Andrew", as he was known, may have acquired the property with the house already standing and then improved the dwelling, or he may have built the house and later upgraded it with new finishes in the early years of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Hoyle House stands on a hill overlooking the South Fork of the Catawba River. The house faces south toward a now overgrown dirt road; the Dallas-Stanley Highway on the north side now provides access to the property.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The earliest section has a foundation of small stones, still partly visible. The house&#39;s German-American hallmarks include its heavy timber frame construction with vertical braces at the corners with tightly fitted horizontal log infillings. The apparently original and complete roof structure is now covered with early 20th century tin, and much of the unusual original beaded siding, applied circa 1810 with cut nails, survives covered by weatherboard. Weathering beneath the beaded siding reveals the exterior was originally unsheathed. Some of the early windows remain, set in molded surrounds with molded sills that appear to date to 1810. The windows originally were small (about two and a half feet square) and possibly filled only with shutters in the earliest period.</p><br>
<p>The first floor of the main block is a four-room plan of two larger rooms on the east side, with corner fireplaces sharing a single chimney, and two smaller west rooms. Each pair of rooms is of equal width, but the front rooms are slightly deeper. A later, second north–south partition, no longer in place, once created a center-hall plan. Today all rooms connect with adjacent rooms. The original staircase, in the southeast corner of the larger front room, enclosed with one set of winders and at least one stop outside the enclosure, was removed in the late 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The first floor interior is carefully finished. Much of the modern sheetrock and painting have been removed to reveal early board ceilings and walnut paneled partitions and paneling on the outer walls. While some or all of the interior sheathing appears to date after 1810, all of the trim and some of the ceiling probably date to the first remodeling.</p><br>
<p>The three room plan of the second floor consists of a large east room that comprises about two thirds of the space along with two small west rooms. The north–south paneled partition is similar to the partition of the first floor. This basic three room plan probably is original, although the partition has been moved at least twice. Notches on the baseboard and patching of the wall plasters and chair rail indicate the wall was moved east, into the larger space, by about three feet. All outer walls were exposed logs until they were plastered, probably early in the 19th century. A door in the northeast corner of the large east room leads to an enclosed attic staircase; in the stairwell the structural system is clearly evident because the corner post, down braces and log filling have never been sheathed.</p><br>
<p>The two remaining outbuildings date from the early- to mid-19th century. Near the northeast corner of the main house, the well house is a one-story, rectangular common bond brick building with ventilation holes on the ends. A gabled tin roof extends beyond the west end and acts as a porch sheltering the well. The well house stands at the southeast corner, and east of the well house stands a weatherboarded smokehouse with a gabled roof sheathed in sheet metal.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>The Hoyle House is an important and, in some respects, apparently unique landmark of traditional German-American architecture in North Carolina. The unusually large, for its time, and substantial dwelling exemplifies a construction method&mdash; heavy timber frame with log infill&mdash; seen elsewhere in the mid-Atlantic Germanic settlement areas but not previously identified in North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The date of construction, and thus the identity of the first owner of the house, cannot be conclusively determined from existing documentation, nor can the exact chronology of its development. It is not clear if the house was built by 1761. With further investigation, if the Hoyle House can be firmly dated through archaeology, dendrochronology, or additional documentation, its place in the development of German-American architecture in the Piedmont can be more clearly understood.</p><br>
<p>Thornewood is an estate in what is now Lakewood, Washington. It consists of three buildings, including Thornewood Castle, which was built from the brick of a dismantled 15th-century house imported from England. The Castle was used as a set for the Stephen King film Rose Red.</p><br>
<p>Several exterior shots of the castle was also used in the popular Netflix horror show The Haunting of Bly Manor.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and is currently a bed and breakfast, vacation, wedding, and event rental facility.</p><br>
<p>The Ryan House is a historic building in Sumner, Washington, United States that is now used as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Fred Seaman as a one-room cabin. In 1872, George Ryan bought the property. He added onto the house in 1875 and 1885.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, Ryan&#39;s family donated the property to the town of Sumner for use as the Sumner Public Library. The building housed the library from 1926 to 1979, and now houses the Sumner Historical Society, which operates the house as the Ryan House Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Ryan House was home to the Sumner Historical Society for several years, but neglect to the upkeep on the house by the City of Sumner has led to issues.</p><br>
<p>While plans were made to accomplish a renovation, an outside renovation firm was hired, and determined in their report that it was not suitable for renovation, or that the proposed renovation would cost over $2 million.</p><br>
<p>On September 18, 2023, the Sumner City Council voted to demolish the Ryan House, and put a park in its place, without significant input from the local community.</p><br>
<p>Negotiations are ongoing to prevent the destruction. A local group, "Save the Ryan House" has been formed by a group of citizens. In March 2024, a Pierce County Superior Court judge ruled against the city, finding that sufficient notice was not given to the public to move forward with the demolition and that it could not proceed.</p><br>
<p>The James Petigru Boyce Chapel is a historic church building at 1306 Hampton Street in Columbia, South Carolina. It is a Greek Revival building built in 1859. A convention met here on December 17, 1860, whose delegates voted unanimously for South Carolina to secede from the United States, leading to the American Civil War. It was designated a National Historic Landmark as First Baptist Church, the role it played at the time. The building is part of the facilities complex of the First Baptist Church, Columbia- a Southern Baptist megachurch.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church of Columbia was first organized in 1809, with the building of the first church building, located on Sumter Street, in 1811.</p><br>
<p>The second First Baptist Church was built in 1859 by an unknown architect. Its construction was funded by James P. Boyce, a former president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary.</p><br>
<p>The following year, in 1860, the Church was the site of the first state convention to discuss secession following the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States. It was chosen because it was the largest meeting place in Columbia. Under the chairmanship of D. F. Jamison, a unanimous vote of 159-0 in favor of secession on December 17, 1860 led to South Carolina seceding from the United States; it was the only such convention where the vote to secede was unanimous. Six other states would follow South Carolina&#39;s lead before the Battle of Fort Sumter; some felt if they did not secede now, they might lose the argument that a state had the right to secede, a right that has never been confirmed or denied by a court of law.</p><br>
<p>This convention lasted only one day, as Columbia was then experiencing an outbreak of smallpox. South Carolinas Order of Secession would not be signed until the delegates at this convention reconvened at Charleston, South Carolina on December 20; Columbias little First Baptist Church was where the power brokers of South Carolina first declared that the state would secede.</p><br>
<p>When the Union Army invaded Columbia, they set fire to the Washington Street Methodist Church, South, building, led by the black First Baptist sexton who thought that it was the site of the secession convention. The invaders burned a third of Columbia&#39;s buildings, but the First Baptist Church was spared.</p><br>
<p>Until 1992, the original building was used for services, which have been televised. The church is still used for other activities such as offices, weddings, and a coffee shop connected to the church. In 1992, services moved to a new building connected to the historic building that includes the new sanctuary and the Estep Family Life Centre. The original building was renamed for Boyce.</p><br>
<h2>Building description</h2><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church is built in Greek Revival style. Originally, the building was 56 ft wide and 84 ft long. It has molded brick Tuscan portico and Tuscan pilasters along the sides. There is a balcony on each side and above the entrance. Around 1900 the bricks were painted a dirty brown. In 1941 the church was given air conditioning and was extended 35 ft, with its rear wall moved, giving a place for the choir and a baptistery. In 1949 fifteen foot side aisles were placed, with steel columns made in Doric style to reinforce and match the old architecture. It was also in 1949 that the dirty brown paint of the brick walls was removed, but in the process, the walls were now ranging in color from dark pink to light tan.</p><br>
<p>The original (1859) church was 84 ft deep by 56 ft wide.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, and became a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is a historic Gothic Revival church in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. It was designed by the New York City architectural firm of Frank Wills and Henry Dudley. The church was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 24 February 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Johns parish was organized in 1834 and by 1837 the parishioners had moved into a modest brick sanctuary on the corner of Perry and Jefferson Streets. After little more than a decade, the church needed to expand after the state capital moved to Montgomery and a rise in cotton production swelled the regions population. The current building was completed in 1855, in the same city block as the old, but facing Madison Street.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Episcopal Church was involved in several historic events around the time of the American Civil War. It hosted the Secession Convention of Southern Churches in 1861, which had helped fuel the Souths secession movement. St. John&#39;s was also the church attended by the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, when Montgomery was the capital of the Confederate States of America. The church was forced to close its doors in 1865 under Union Army orders; it would reopen for services in 1866.</p><br>
<p>The old building from the 1830s was torn down in 1869 and its bricks were used to construct an addition to the main structure. The building was expanded again in 1906. The church hosted many Army recruits from the nearby "Camp Sheridan" tent city during World War I, until the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic forced the church to temporarily close its doors.</p><br>
<p>Between 1898 and 1901, St. Johns rector was Edgar Gardner Murphy, who played a leading role in organizing first the Alabama and then the National Child Labor Committee, which campaigned to strict limits on employment of children in factories. In 1901, he left St. Johns to take over leadership of the Southern Education Board, an organization devoted to improving education—particularly public education—in the region.</p><br>
<p>In May 1925, a bronze plaque in honor of President Jefferson Davis was dedicated. John Trotwood Moore, the State Librarian and Archivist of Tennessee, known defender of the KKK, lynching, and segregation was invited to give a speech. In 2019, after further researching the political context and motivations surrounding the dedication of the plaque (and later a pew dedicated to Davis in 1931) the vestry of St. John&#39;s voted to have the plaque and pew removed from the sanctuary and moved to the parish archives.</p><br>
<p>The church was renovated in the 1950s and again in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Caldwell Parsonage is located at 909 Caldwell Avenue in Union Township of Union County, New Jersey, United States. It was the home of the Rev. James Caldwell, a Presbyterian minister and active supporter of the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War. In 1982 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, as a well-preserved 18th-century farmhouse with a historical connection.</p><br>
<p>The war is intertwined with the early history of the building. An original parsonage dating to 1730 was burned in 1780 by a Loyalist mob, and later that year Caldwell&#39;s wife Hannah was killed by British soldiers in the house during the Battle of Connecticut Farms. Caldwell himself was shot by an American sentry a year later.</p><br>
<p>In 1782, with the war over, what is now Connecticut Farms Presbyterian Church built the present building. It continued to serve as a home for its pastors until the 20th century, when the church built one closer to the building.</p><br>
<p>It currently serves as a historical museum, owned and operated by the Union Township Historical Society. It is open to the public on weekday mornings and afternoons. Several state grants have been made for renovations and upkeep of the aging structure.</p><br>
<p>The Beard Cabin is a historic cabin listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Built in 1892, it is considered to be the first home built in Shawnee.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was built by Etta Ray and her father, P.H. Ray. Assisting were Ettas future brother-in-law, John Beard as well as Johns sister, Lola Beard. Etta later married Henry Beard and they were the first inhabitants. Sleeping quarters are located on the upper floor of the cabin. The home is furnished and may be toured by making arrangements at the Santa Fe Depot Museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the cabin was restored and moved to its present location, near the Santa Fe Depot on Main Street, after being damaged in a windstorm at Woodland Park in Shawnee. The Cleo Craig Foundation provided the funds for the relocation.</p><br>
<p>Lancaster County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Lancaster, South Carolina. Built in 1828, it has been in continuous use since then. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, as a possible work of Robert Mills, an important American architect of the first half of the 19th century. It also has the distinction of being the site of the last witch trials to take place in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lancaster County Courthouse is located in the heart of downtown Lancaster, at the southwest corner of Meeting Street (South Carolina Highway 9) and Main Street (USA Route 521). It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of locally-made bricks laid in English bond, with Flemish bond around the windows. Its main facade is five bays wide, with the main entrance on the second floor, accessed via stairs on either side of a projecting classical temple front supported by Tuscan columns. Windows are rectangular, set in round-arch openings. The interior of the ground floor has barrel-vaulted ceilings, providing support for the upper floor. The judge&#39;s bench in the main courtroom is a particularly fine example of Federal period wood carving.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was built in 1828 by Willis Alsobrook, and its design has been attributed, without conclusive evidence, to the architect Robert Mills, who is known to have designed the old 1823 county jail, also a National Historic Landmark. The building had been in continuous use as a courthouse until 2012, when the new county courthouse, located adjacent to it, was completed.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the courthouse was heavily damaged, but not destroyed, by fire caused by arson. It was fully restored in 2011 and turned into a museum. In April 2010, a local 18-year-old, Martavious Carter, was sentenced to 35 years in prison for the arson of the courthouse and other crimes.</p><br>
<p>The Joel Lane House, also known as Wakefield, was built in 1769 and is now a restored historic home and museum in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is the oldest dwelling in Wake County and contains collections of 18th century artifacts and period furnishings. The museum grounds include a detached middle-class home built circa 1790, a formal city garden, and a period herb garden. The house is named after Joel Lane, the "Father of Raleigh" and "Father of Wake County."</p><br>
<p>In the late 1760s, Lane settled at Wake Cross Roads located in colonial Johnston County (now in present day central Wake County). Lane and his house played a key role in North Carolinas transition from colony to state and in the establishment of Raleigh as the state capital. Joel Lanes plantation manor stood on a small hill overlooking the future site of Raleigh. Lane owned thousands of acres, which enabled him to be influential in politics.</p><br>
<p>Lane was a member of the colonial General Assembly, and successfully lobbied to create Wake County in 1770, which was, at the time, a sparsely-settled wilderness. The county was named "Wake" in honor of Margaret Wake, wife of colonial Governor William Tryon. In 1771, Wake Countys first county court is believed to have convened at his home. Lane was appointed a member of the court, a position he held until his death. During the Revolutionary War, Wake Cross Roads was the site of important government meetings, both formal and informal. In 1776, Lane hosted the colony Council of Safety; the following year, he obtained a license for a small inn. From May to June 1781, Lanes property was the setting for a session of the state General Assembly. Lane served in the state Senate in 11 of the 14 sessions from 1782 to 1794. He was also a delegate to the 1789 convention in Halifax that ratified the United States Constitution.</p><br>
<p>Lane was directly involved in the decision to locate the permanent capital of the state in Wake County. In 1792, the legislature authorized the purchase of 1,000 acre of his land upon which to establish the city of "Raleigh" as the new center of state government. The communitys western boundary was drawn just east of Lanes house, and a street of the city was named in his honor. After Lanes death in 1795, Lanes house served several owners before being purchased by businessman William Boylan in 1818. The house, along with Montfort Hall, remained in the Boylan family until 1909. During this time, the city of Raleigh absorbed the house into its expanding boundaries. Lanes former plantation became the site of new streets, homes and businesses. In 1911, the house was moved a short distance. In 1927, Lanes house was purchased by the National Society of Colonial Dames of America in the State of North Carolina to ensure its preservation. The organization continues to operate this Raleigh Historic Landmark as a house museum.</p><br>
<p>In 2019, to celebrate the house&#39;s 250th anniversary, a restoration team removed 26 layers of paint in order to repair the damaged wood underneath. The house was then repainted to match its original color of garnet red.</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane Museum House ncecho 256001.jpg</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane Museum House.jpg</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 0 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 1 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 2 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 3 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 4 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 5 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>Joel Lane House, 728 Hargatt Street, Raleigh, Wake County, NC HABS NC,92-RAL,2- (sheet 6 of 6).png</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church of Stamford is a church in Stamford, Connecticut designed by architect Wallace K. Harrison. Nicknamed the Fish Church for its unusual shape, the interior of the church contains a shimmering stained glass 60-foot-tall  nave. it is a unique example of modernist architecture, and an architectural landmark. Its 260 ft Maguire Memorial Tower holds a 56-bell carillon. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architecture in 2021, and the church is an active congregation of the Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original First Presbyterian Church of Stamford was a wooden structure located at 90 Broad Street from 1854 to 1882 when it burned down. It was replaced with a stone edifice, enlarged in 1920, which was used until 1958. In 1954, the congregation voted to relocate to its present location at 1101 Bedford Street.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Wallace K. Harrison, the new sanctuary was dedicated in March 1958. Its shape has been likened to that of a fish- a symbol used in early Christianity. The fish shape is apparent both in the profile and in the floor plan of the structure. Enhancing the unique shape of the church are the enormous stained glass windows in the sanctuary, which contain more than 20,000 pieces of faceted glass. These windows depict the story of the Crucifixion (on the right side), and the Resurrection (on the left). A 32 ft cross faced with wood from the Canterbury Cathedral in England, dominates the Chancel. The church originally had an electronic organ, now replaced with a large Visser-Rowland pipe organ. The stone wall along Bedford Street contains a series of tablets which recognize significant events, institutions, and individuals in the history of Stamford, particularly those with a religious impact, from 1641 to 1975. The Memorial Walk leading from Fellowship Hall (a multi-purpose space which includes a kitchen and stage) to the main entrance of the Sanctuary, has more than 100 stones, each representing an important figure in the Judeo/Christian tradition from the days of Abraham to the present. The corridor outside the chapel contains a collection of over 100 stones from sites of historical Christian significance, gathered during the world travels of former pastor Dr. George Stewart. The stone wall bears the inscription: "from far places where other believers turned not their back."</p><br>
<p>The church is home to a 56-bell carillon, now housed in the Maguire Memorial Tower. It was originally of 36 bells and called the Nestle Carillon, as the Nestle Corporation was headquartered in Stamford during World War II.</p><br>
<p>Hopsewee Plantation, also known as the Thomas Lynch, Jr., Birthplace or Hopsewee-on-the-Santee, is a plantation house built in 1735 near Georgetown, South Carolina, in the Lowcountry. It was the main house of a rice plantation and the birthplace of Thomas Lynch, Jr., a Founding Father who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence.</p><br>
<p>Lynch had been struggling with illness in 1779 and planned a trip with his wife to St. Eustatius in the West Indies for respite. He made a will before departure, stipulating that heirs of his female relatives (he had three sisters) would have to change their surname to Lynch in order to inherit his estate, known as Peachtree Plantation. Lynch owned two other plantations and held more than 250 enslaved African Americans, who were counted as property. He and his wife sailed for St. Eustatius, but their ship disappeared at sea in a storm and was never found.</p><br>
<p>Lynch&#39;s birthplace, Hopsewee, still stands in South Carolina. The Lynch family had sold the house in 1752 to Robert Hume whose son, John Hume, lived at Hopsewee in the winter after inheriting it. Upon his death in 1841, his own son, John Hume Lucas, inherited the house. John Hume Lucas died in 1853.</p><br>
<p>Like many Santee plantations, Hopesewee was abandoned during the Civil War. After the war, rice was never planted again, but the Lucas family continued to occupy Hopsewee until 1925. In September 1949, Col. and Mrs. Wilkinson bought the house and occupied it.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service, "the frame building, a fine example of a Carolina low country; referred to as (Low Country.) after the War of 1812; plantation house, showing West Indian influence, with its double-tiered piazza and dormered hip roof."</p><br>
<p>The house is made of black cypress and rests on a brick foundation which forms a cellar. The house is forty feet wide and fifty feet deep. Each floor has four rooms with a central hall. The piazzas were added in 1845 and replace an earlier verandah.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It is located about 13 miles south of Georgetown, with access to USA Highway 17, in the vicinity of North Santee on the North Santee River.</p><br>
<p>The house continues to be used as a private residence. It is open to the public at certain hours for tours. It is furnished with 18th and 19th century period furniture.</p><br>
<p>The Chappelle Administration Building, on the campus of Allen University in Columbia, South Carolina, was designed by John Anderson Lankford, known as the "dean of black architects." The building name has been spelled Chapelle Administration Building in HABS and NPS reports. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, cited as one Lankford&#39;s most important works.</p><br>
<p>In addition to its National Register of Historic Places status, the Administration Building falls within the boundaries of Waverly Protection Area, a Preservation District within the City of Columbia Urban Design and Historic Preservation District system. This Preservation District is an expansion of Waverly Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Allen University campus is located northeast of downtown Columbia, centered in a block bounded by Taylor, Harden, Pine, and Hampton Streets. The Chappelle Building is set at the northwestern corner of this block, facing Harden Street. It is a -story masonry structure, built out of red brick with stone trim, and has a slate roof with a reproduction of its original cupola (destroyed by lightning in 1974) on top, and five gabled dormers. The main facade is fourteen bays wide, with a three-arched single-story porch extending across the middle six bays. The porch is topped by a low balustrade, and there is a pedimented entrance to the upper level of the porch on the second floor. Windows on the lower two levels have stone keystones, and there are panels of garlands between the second and third levels.</p><br>
<p>Allen University was founded in 1870, and established its campus in Columbia in 1880. This Colonial Revival building, which still plays a prominent role in the campus, was built 1922–25 to a design by John Anderson Lankford (1874–1946) for the then-substantial sum of $165,000. Lankford rose from humble beginnings to earn degrees in mechanical engineering at the Tuskegee Institute. While his training included drafting, it did not include architectural design. At various university positions (mainly with predominantly African-American schools), he was called on to design buildings, eventually leading to his appointment as the chief architect of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in 1908. The Chappelle Administration Building is one of his major works. The building is named in honour of Bishop William D. Chappelle, who was the university&#39;s president from 1898 to 1899.</p><br>
<p>The Camden Battlefield is the site of the Battle of Camden on 16 August 1780, a British victory by General Charles Cornwallis over a mixed force of Continental Army regulars and state militia forces led by General Horatio Gates. The battlefield sprawls over an area estimated to be 2,000 acre about 6 mi north of Camden, South Carolina, bounded on the north by Lake Shamokin, and extending south. Flat Rock Rd  passes roughly through the center of the battlefield, and United States Route 521 marks its eastern boundary. The American Battlefield Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved more than 294 acres of the battlefield as of mid-2023. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>British General Charles Cornwallis, had encamped at Camden in the summer of 1780 to secure northern South Carolina against the threat of Continental Army forces in North Carolina. These forces, only recently placed under the command of General Horatio Gates, advanced to Rugeleys Mill, about 6 mi north of Camden on August 15. Both commanders then ordered a night march to attack the other. These forces met in the dark at 2:00 AM on the morning of August 16. After a brief clash, both sides formed lines, and resumed the battle at daybreak. The battle was a rout, as the militia forces under Gates command threw down their weapons and fled at the first gunfire, and his Continental forces were eventually surrounded and forced to surrender, with their commander, Baron Johann de Kalb suffering mortal injuries. The defeat marked a low point in the battle for American independence.</p><br>
<p>The area where this battle took place is roughly defined by Gum Swamp Creek and another further to its east, both of which drain into Lake Shamokin to the north. This area is roughly bisected by Flat Rock Rd, along which a marker has been placed where Baron de Kalb fell. The battlefield area measures about 1 mi east-west and 3 mi north-south. The area is largely composed of grasslands and forest, much as it would have been at the time of the battle.</p><br>
<p>The Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site is an important early colonial archaeological site on Parris Island, South Carolina, United States. It contains the archaeological remains of a French settlement called Charlesfort, settled in 1562 and abandoned the following year, and the later 16th-century Spanish settlement known as Santa Elena. The Spanish remains include a fort built directly on top of the abandoned Charlesfort remains.</p><br>
<p>The fort and other nearby structures have been called, at various times, Fort San Marcos or Fort San Felipe, and have the designated archaeological site identifiers 38BU51 and 38BU162. Because of their remarkable state of preservation, and their importance in understanding early French and Spanish colonial practices, the site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2001. The site is accessible through the United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot in Port Royal, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Charlesfort (1562–1563, 1577-1578)</h2><br>
<p>Charlesfort was established when a French expedition, organized by Huguenot leader Admiral Gaspard de Coligny and led by the Norman navigator Jean Ribault, landed at the site on the May River in May 1562, before moving north to Port Royal Sound. There, on present-day Parris Island, South Carolina, Ribault left twenty-eight men to build a settlement. He then returned to France to arrange supplies for the new colony but was arrested in England after becoming involved in the period of unrest known as the French Wars of Religion, which prevented his return.</p><br>
<p>After Ribault left, most of the settlers&#39; stores were burned and Captain Albert de la Pierria died in a mutiny, possibly as a reaction to his heavy discipline. Without supplies or leadership, and beset by hostility from the native population, all but one of the remaining colonists sailed back to Europe after only a year. They built their own boat and set sail, without compass, across the Atlantic. During the long voyage in an open boat, they were reduced to cannibalism: one crew member named La Chère was killed and eaten. The survivors were finally rescued in English waters by an English ship, and some eventually reached France.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the departure of the French, Hernando de Manrique de Rojas commanded a Spanish force from Cuba that destroyed Charlesfort and took captive the one Frenchman who had remained, along with the local Native Americans nearby. In January 1577, in a period when the Spanish settlement had been destroyed and not yet rebuilt, the French returned in the ship Le Prince. The expedition was commanded by Nicholas Strozzi, who may have been a brother of Filippo di Piero Strozzi. The ship was lost as she entered Port Royal Sound, and the men built a triangular fort, 130 feet on each side, enclosing five buildings. Many were killed by natives and the rest had been taken captive by the time Spanish returned in spring 1578. The Spanish obtained the captives from the natives between 1578 and 1580 and hanged almost all of them.</p><br>
<h2>Santa Elena (1566–1587)</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1566 on the site of Charlesfort, Santa Elena was the first capital of Spanish Florida. Fort San Salvador, a simple blockhouse, was built first, and then Fort San Felipe was built directly on top of the old French fort later in the year, with a new moat (the French one having been filled in). The fort was occupied until 1570, when it was destroyed by fire. The Spanish then built a second fort, also called Fort San Felipe, at an unknown nearby location. The fort and town were abandoned in 1576 due in part to hostility of the local natives.</p><br>
<p>In 1577 the Spanish returned and built Fort San Marcos. It was used until 1582 or 1583, when a second Fort San Marcos was constructed. This fortification had a moat dug around it in 1586, in anticipation of an attack by Sir Francis Drake. Santa Elena and the fortifications were finally abandoned in 1587. At its height, the town had about sixty dwellings, with an estimated population of 400-450.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological history</h2><br>
<p>The area&#39;s archaeological importance was first identified in the mid-19th century by amateurs, who found what they believed to be Charlesfort and excavated large hinges such as would have been used on a large gate. In the summer of 1917 some of the earthworks associated with the first Fort San Felipe were leveled by United States Marine Corps personnel, filling in part of the moat. In the 1920s Major George Osterhout led an excavation of the site, which he concluded was that of Charlesfort. In response to this determination, a memorial marker was placed at the site.</p><br>
<p>Osterhout&#39;s interpretation was soon disputed, and by the 1950s archaeological consensus was that the site was part of Spanish Santa Elena. It was only after a series of excavations, running from the 1970s to the 1990s, that the full history and layout of the area was identified. Identification of the French fort location was made possible by the restricted location of distinctively French artifacts, and by the evidence that multiple moats had been dug around the site of the first Fort San Marcos.</p><br>
<p>The site is one of unparalleled importance in the early colonial history of North America and South Carolina, exemplifying the early competition for control of the region. Finds at the site also include the only known early Spanish pottery kiln on the continent. Since the area was never developed agriculturally, even surface-level remains continue to be found.</p><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 309 East Avenue, in Elyria, Ohio, in the United States is an historic structure that on July 18, 1975, was added to the National Register of Historic Places. As of 2018 it is now known as Christian Science Society of Elyria-Lorain.</p><br>
<h2>National register listing</h2><br>
<p>First Church Of Christ, Scientist (added 1975 - Building - #75001460)</p><br>
<p>309 East Ave., Elyria</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Unknown</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Late Victorian</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1900-1924</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist was built in 1906 by splitting an existing house in half, separating the halves and building a new section in between them. The new section consisted of an auditorium with a steep four sided roof-ceiling over it and an entrance porch facing the street.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist is still an active Christian Science church, now known as Christian Science Society, Elyria-Lorain.</p><br>
<p>The Thomaston Colored Institute, also known as the Thomaston Academy, is a historic African American school building in the town of Thomaston, Alabama, United States.</p><br>
<p>The school served a historic African-American neighborhood in Thomaston, as the only real educational opportunity for the areas African-American population. This building has been abandoned since the 1970s, and has suffered from benign neglect. It was included on the Alabama Historical Commissions Places in Peril listing in 2000, the same year that it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Old Exchange & Provost Dungeon, also known as the Custom House, and The Exchange, is a historic building at East Bay and Broad Streets in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 1767–1771, it has served a variety of civic institutional functions, including notably as a prisoner of war facility operated by British forces during the American Revolutionary War. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973. It is now a museum operated by the Daughters of the American Revolution.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Exchange is located on the east side of Charleston&#39;s historic downtown area, at the northeast corner of East Bay and Broad Streets. It is a two-story masonry building, capped by a hipped roof with cupola and set on a high brick basement. The main facade faces west, and has a projecting three-bay gabled section at its center with entrances recessed in three round-arch openings on the first floor, and sash windows set in bays articulated by Ionic pilasters on the second. The flanking walls each have a Palladian window set on a brick base with balustrade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Exchange was built from 1767–1771 by South Carolinas provincial government, and was used during the 18th century for a variety of civic functions, including as a custom house, public market, public meeting place, and jail. During the American Revolution, confiscated tea was stored here in 1774, and it is where South Carolinas revolutionary leadership councils were held. After the British captured the city in 1780, it was used as a barracks, and its basement was used as a military prison. In 2012, a study was completed of the building&#39;s use as a British prison during the Revolutionary War. Soon after taking control of Charleston in 1780, the British started housing prisoners in the Exchange, but not exclusively in the "dungeon". The investigation was able to document at least 120 prisoners held in the Exchange, but there were many more whose identities could not be discovered. The facility was not exclusively used for Colonial prisoners, and at least some British soldiers were held there too.</p><br>
<p>The building housed the South Carolina convention to ratify the United States Constitution in 1788, and was the site of many of the events in George Washingtons week-long stay in Charleston. He was greeted by a crowd on the balcony. The building continued as an Exchange until the 19th century, when it also became a post office. According to Frederic Bancroft in Slave-Trading in the Old South, "From colonial days until after the middle of the nineteenth century from several hundred to many thousand slaves were annually sold to the highest bidders, in front or just north of this building. As the postoffice was long in the Exchange, visitors as well as residents called there daily for their mail, and, after about 10 A. M. on sale-days, were sure to notice the crowd that gathered about the slaves." During the 19th century, the postmaster defended the Exchanges shipment of abolitionist pamphlets from angry Charlestonian rioters.</p><br>
<p>In the American Civil War, the building remained a Confederate post office, but was hit by several shells during the war, and thus abandoned. In 1913, the building was granted to the Daughters of the American Revolution, who have preserved it ever since. In World War I, the building served as the army headquarters of General Leonard Wood and the United States Lighthouse Service—the latter having been in the building since the late 1800s. In World War II, the building not only served as a USO facility and canteen for troops, but served as the Coastal Picket Station for the Sixth Naval District of the United States Coast Guard. In 1965, the Half-Moon Battery, a 1698 fortification, was discovered underneath the building.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s first cupola was damaged by a hurricane in the early 1800s. The second deteriorated before the great earthquake of 1886, and the third was not placed until 1981 when the building opened as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The building is owned by the South Carolina Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, who operate guided costumed tours that include all three floors of the building. The Provost Dungeon once had animatronic figures that tell stories of pirates and colonial days, but these animatronics have been supplanted by personal dungeon tours by docents.</p><br>
<p>The Beach Club Residences  is an apartment community, health club, and commercial center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, just across Lake Street from its namesake Lake Calhoun . Its founders intended the club to meet their residential, recreational, and entertainment needs in one building. The original building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 23, 2003. It is considered significant as a rare local example of an apartment hotel, a distinctive urban housing option of American cities in the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the building began in 1928, but it was delayed for approximately 18 years due to the Great Depression. After World War II construction was completed, and it became a lively social club. Financial hard times in the early 1950s forced the club into bankruptcy. The building was converted to a hotel in 1954 and was marketed as a place for social events such as proms, parties, luncheons, banquets, and wedding receptions. The upper floors were converted into fashionable apartments. WTCN (now KARE television and WWTC radio) moved its radio and TV studios to the second and third floors around that time. From 1963 to 1972, the property was renamed Calhoun Beach Manor, operating as a home for the elderly.</p><br>
<p>In 1977 the building was restored to its intended use as a sports and social club. The handball and squash courts and the swimming pool were restored, and the club installed tennis courts, steam rooms, saunas, sunrooms, and a jogging track. At that time, the lobby was restored in an Art Deco style. Later, in the 1980s, the club added more facilities, such as an aerobics studio, volleyball and basketball courts, and additional exercise equipment.</p><br>
<p>In 1997 a tower addition designed by KKE architects was constructed.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 the property was renovated and converted to luxury apartments.</p><br>
<p>The original building – the oldest high-rise residential building outside of downtown Minneapolis&#39; core – was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 23, 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2020, the owner and operator of the luxury apartment community updated the building&#39;s name to</p><br>
<h2>The Beach Club Residences</h2><br>
<p>The Beach Club Residences community is located in the Uptown-Lakes area, overlooking Bde Maka Ska, Lake of the Isles, Cedar Lake and downtown Minneapolis, MN. The community consists of 332 apartment homes, divided among 57 different floorplans. Apartment homes vary from studios up to 4-bedrooms, which range from 600 ft&sup2; to 3,400 ft&sup2;. The property is currently owned and operated by Air Communities.</p><br>
<h2>Calhoun Beach Club Commercial Tenants</h2><br>
<p>The Beach Club includes 11 retails spaces, seven of which are currently occupied by the Chilango restaurant, Sash Salon, Strauman Holistic Chiropractic, Uptime Nutrition, D&#39;Amico Catering and Sales, Beck and Tysver, and the Beach Health Club.</p><br>
<p>The 40,000 ft&sup2; Beach Health Club features high-tech fitness equipment, a full range of exercise and fitness classes including Pilates, ballroom dancing, strength-building, yoga and a running club. In addition, The Beach Club has indoor and outdoor pools, restaurants, a full-service salon, fitness classes, outdoor recreational equipment, and a tanning salon.</p><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 102 West University Parkway, across from the campus of Johns Hopkins University, in the Tuscany-Canterbury neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States is an historic structure that on December 27, 1982, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist was built in 1911 by noted Baltimore architect, Charles E. Cassell, who designed the Chapel at the University of Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist is still an active Christian Science church.</p><br>
<p>The Charleston Historic District, alternatively known as Charleston Old and Historic District, is a National Historic Landmark District in Charleston, South Carolina. The district, which covers most of the historic peninsular heart of the city, contains an unparalleled collection of 18th and 19th-century architecture, including many distinctive Charleston "single houses". It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<p>As noted by the New York Preservation Archive Project, the Charleston Old and Historic Districts creation in 1931 established "the first historic district protected by local legislation in the United States and inspired legal protection of historic sites in New York City." It is legally set up in the citys regulations. According to Charleston&#39;s interactive zoning map, the "Old District" runs south from east-west Fishburne and Line streets. The National Historic Landmark-designated district is smaller, running south from Bee Street.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Charleston was founded in 1670, with its main historic colonial heart laid out in 1680 on the peninsula at the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Since that time, the city has been a major commercial and trade center on the southeastern seaboard of North America. Its architecture reflects numerous significant periods of development, with high-quality examples of different architectural styles resulting from the city&#39;s continued importance through more than 300 years of history. Significant among these are the many Charleston "single houses", which are typically a single room in depth, and oriented with the short access toward the street, with the entrance area on a long side. These types of houses are built using all types of building materials, including wood, brick, and stucco. In Ansonborough, there are blocks of fine Greek Revival houses, built in the wake of an 1838 fire.</p><br>
<p>Broad Street, a major east–west thoroughfare since the early days, is home to a fine collection of Federal period houses, many of which have been converted to commercial uses. It is also where a number of important early civic and institutional buildings are located, including the 1752 St. Michael&#39;s Episcopal Church, the 1767 Exchange, and the 1792 Charleston County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The city of Charleston legislatively established the "Old and Historic District" as a local historic district. In 1960, a portion of this district was designated a National Historic Landmark District for its architectural significance. When initially listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1966, the district was defined as "An area roughly bounded by Broad, Bay, S. Battery and Ashley and an area along Church bounded by Cumberland and Chalmers". Significant boundary enlargements of the National Register district in 1970 and 1978 have resulted in it now coinciding with the locally legislated district, extending in parts as far north as Calhoun Street. The 1978 version was defined as incorporating "most of area S of Bee, Morris, and Mary Sts. to Waterfront."</p><br>
<p>The district was enlarged to add individual buildings in 1984, 1985 and 1986.</p><br>
<p>NARA version of "Charleston Historic District" is very different, is missing core documents. Includes maps of 1931 designated (portion which became NHL), of later addition to NHL, and of 1960 designated which was NRHP-listed. Includes correspondence, photos, more.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Octagon House is a historic house located at 276 Linden Street in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USA. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Along with the Wallace-Jagdfeld Octagon House, it is one of two Octagon Houses in Fond du Lac. The house was featured as the second-most haunted house in Wisconsin on the History Channel show "Hidden Passages".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Isaac Brown, a carpenter and trader with Native Americans, reportedly grew fearful of attacks from them in 1856, so he built a house that was designed for hiding. An Orson Fowler-designed eight-sided structure, it contained nine secret passageways and spaces.</p><br>
<p>A tunnel was built between the house and a woodshed, which some have claimed used as a safe house on the Underground Railway. A small storage room beneath the front porch was supposedly used to hide the runaway slaves. This local lore has been disputed by historians.</p><br>
<p>Brown gave the house to his son Edwin A. Brown as a wedding present. The younger Brown and his wife Ruth Edward (Pier) Brown had three children in the house. The house became a rental unit in 1900, and remained so until the late 1960s to early 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Plans for a new high school threatened the house. Despite the house being on the National Register of Historic Places, no buyers were interested and it was days away from demolition. Local dressmaker and antiques dealer Marlene Hansen bought the house without viewing the interior. Hansen and her family restored the house, turning it into a historic and spooky tour house. In 2005 The Southern Wisconsin Paranormal Research Group studied the house and reported that they found paranormal activities there. "I cant tell what others have seen, felt, or experienced, but I can tell that they do experience something," Hansen said. "Their body language changes and I can see it in their faces." Her grandson, who often gives tours of the house, has said that visitors have reported hearing sounds, including small children laughing and playing, and feeling cold hands touching them. Some people believe that the children are Edwin Browns children.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The house has stucco walls, with four dormers, and a central chimney. It is now a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Octagon House in Watertown, Wisconsin, also known as the Octagon House Museum or the John Richards Octagon House, was built in 1854 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is one of many octagon houses built in the United States in the mid-19th century. In 1950 architect Rexford Newcomb wrote, "...probably the best-planned octagon house in the country is the John Richards House at Watertown, Wisconsin..."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed and built by John Richards, a pioneer Watertown lawyer and mill owner, with construction completed in 1854. It was still in the Richards family until the death of his grandson, William Thomas, in 1935. The family offered to sell the house to the city (reputedly for $1) but it was sold to the Watertown Historical Society (founded 1933), and opened to the public in 1938. The house is still a museum open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The house is built of brick, and is 50 ft across excluding the balconies. It has eight square rooms on each floor and triangular rooms in the corners, a total of 32 rooms including the cupola. The porches or verandas running all round the house are constructed in timber. They are part of the original design, but by 1924 they were so rotten as to be dangerous, and Richards&#39; daughter had them taken down. For many years visitors could only imagine the house with its porches by referring to a scale model of the house, which sits in the grass next to the house. The porches were reconstructed in 1978 at a cost of $50,000. By 2006 they were again in a dangerous condition and an anonymous donation enabled them to be restored once more.</p><br>
<p>Inside the house at the center a hanging spiral staircase connects the floors. Its rail and spindles are of cherry trees from Richards&#39; land. The staircase is built into four chimney flues that protrude above the cupola. Richards also built a passive air conditioning system into the house, with air intakes below the eaves, ducts in the brick walls, and outlets in the major rooms. The roof is funnel-shaped, and fed rainwater into a tank on the third floor, which fed faucets at a few spots in the house. The kitchen was in the basement, with a Dutch oven big enough to hold 24 loaves of bread. A dumbwaiter carried food from the kitchen up to the dining room.</p><br>
<p>Richards came to Wisconsin in 1836 and operated a grist mill across the Rock River from this house. He was later appointed the first district attorney of Jefferson County, and was elected justice of the peace and an early mayor of Watertown. In 1840 he fetched his wife Eliza Forbes from Massachusetts, reportedly promising to build her the finest house in the best town in Wisconsin Territory.</p><br>
<p>The house is located within the Richards Hill Residential Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Descendants of the Richards family hosted a 150th anniversary celebration in 2004.</p><br>
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<p>The Mordecai House , built in 1785, is a registered historical landmark and museum in Raleigh, North Carolina that is the centerpiece of Mordecai Historic Park, adjacent to the Historic Oakwood neighborhood. It is the oldest residence in Raleigh on its original foundation. In addition to the house, the Park includes the birthplace and childhood home of President Andrew Johnson, the Ellen Mordecai Garden, the Badger-Iredell Law Office, Allen Kitchen and St. Mark&#39;s Chapel, a popular site for weddings. It is located in the Mordecai Place Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the house was built by Joel Lane for his son, Henry. At one time, the plantation house was the center of a 5,000 acre plantation, one of the largest in Wake County. Lane is considered a founder of Raleigh, as 1,000 acres was sold from his plantation as the site of the city.</p><br>
<p>The house was named after Moses Mordecai, whose first wife, Margaret Lane, had inherited it from her father Henry. After she died, Mordecai married her sister Ann Lane. In 1824, Mordecai hired William Nichols, State Architect at the time, to enlarge the house. The addition was considered a significant work of Nichols, who had also been responsible for remodeling the original building containing the State House. With the addition of the four new rooms in 1826, the Mordecai house was transformed into a Greek Revival mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Mordecai family, descended from immigrant grandfather Moses Mordecai of Bonn, Germany, became one of the original three hundred Jewish families in the United States and one of the few of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. The family members were prominent in local and state affairs. Jacob Mordecai, Moses father, founded a girls school in Warrenton, North Carolina. A prominent lawyer, the younger Moses Mordecai was a member of the 1805 Court of Conference. With his first wife, Margaret, he had two sons, Henry and Jacob, and one daughter, Ellen. He and his second wife, Ann, had a daughter named Margaret after his late wife, Ann&#39;s sister. Henry Mordecai became a prosperous planter at Mordecai House and was elected to the State Legislature. Fourteen slaves lived on the former plantation and worked in the home and the fields. His daughter, Margaret Mordecai, married and inherited the mansion; her descendants owned and occupied Mordecai House until 1967.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Mordecai family sold off land, which was subdivided for the continuing expansion of Raleigh. In 1867, George Washington Mordecai donated land east of the city to establish a Confederate cemetery; he donated another plot for Wake County&#39;s first Hebrew Cemetery. (The adjacent Oakwood Cemetery, chartered in 1869, became the namesake of the large suburb that developed in the adjoining wooded land, which was earlier known as Mordecai Grove. In 1974, Oakwood became the first neighborhood in Raleigh to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places.)</p><br>
<p>Mordecai descendants owned the mansion property until 1967, when the house and its surrounding block were put on the market. Local preservationists protested and the city purchased the property, turning it over to the Raleigh Historic Sites Commission to supervise and develop as a historic park. The commission was able to obtain many original Mordecai furnishings, as well as preserve the family papers and library. Mordecai Historic Park is now managed by the City of Raleigh&#39;s Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources Department. The Mordecai House is a designated Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>Haunted history and folklore</h2><br>
<p>The Mordecai House is known locally for its paranormal activity and is believed to be the most haunted house in Raleigh. It was featured in a season two episode of Ghost Hunters in which the TAPS team investigated some of those claims. From 2008 to 2016, the National Society of Paranormal Investigation and Research (NSPIR) had a contract with the City of Raleigh to be the exclusive paranormal research team for the park. Since 2017, Mordecai Historic Parks exclusive paranormal research team has been The Ghost Guild Inc., a registered nonprofit organization that investigates the house and its surrounding buildings at least three times per year. They present their findings at the parks annual Festival the last Saturday of October.</p><br>
<p>Visitors and workers have reported seeing a woman wearing a long black skirt, white blouse and a black tie moving quietly through the hallways. It has been rumored that she can sometimes be seen standing on the balcony if you pass by late at night. In recent years, visitors have recounted hearing a piano playing.</p><br>
<p>The Tudor Arms Apartments are a historic building in Portland, Oregon, United States. Located in Northwest or Nob Hill District, an area zoned for historic preservation, adjacent to the Pearl District and Downtown Portland, the building was converted to condominiums in 2006. In order to maintain its historical status most of its original features have been preserved.</p><br>
<h2>History and design</h2><br>
<p>The five-story building was completed in 1915. It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1994. The nineteenth-century Tudor Revival/Jacobethan style architecture was designed by noted Portland architect Carl L. Linde. It was built by R. F. Wassel, who was also from Portland. The exterior is brick with decorative white glazed terra cotta lintels and an archway bearing the building&#39;s name marks the entrance into a landscaped courtyard.</p><br>
<p>The leaded glass entry opens into a grand foyer paneled with mahogany wainscoting and underscored with marble flooring. Individual apartments have hardwood floors and original mill work. After the building was constructed, electric ranges were installed in some residences. Reportedly, the apartment building was used by two gangsters, Bugsy Siegel and Mickey Cohen, as a hide-out.</p><br>
<p>The Plantation Houses of the Alabama Canebrake and Their Associated Outbuildings Multiple Property Submission is a multiple property submission of properties that were together listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The multiple property submission covers plantation properties that are within the Alabama Canebrake. The National Park Service has determined that all are historically or architecturally significant as a surviving group of plantation structures in what was once one of the wealthiest areas of the state.</p><br>
<p>The Indian meridian, in longitude 97° 14′ 30″ west from Greenwich, extends from Red River to the south boundary of Kansas, and, with the base line in latitude 34° 30′ north, governs the surveys in Oklahoma east of 100° west longitude from Greenwich .</p><br>
<p>This line was chosen arbitrarily as part of the land survey of 1870 conducted by E. N. Darling and Thomas H. Barrett, at an arbitrary point about one mile south of Fort Arbuckle (about six miles west of present Davis, Oklahoma). From this initial point, the north–south line was designated as the Indian meridian and the East–West line was designated as the Indian baseline.</p><br>
<p>The Indian Meridian initial point is listed in the National Register of Historic Places with ID #70000533.</p><br>
<p>Charles H. Spencer House, formerly Christian Science Society and First Church of Christ, Scientist, Grinnell, located in Grinnell, Iowa, in the United States, is an historic Carpenter Gothic house which was converted into a church. On January 25, 1980, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Charles H. Spencer House was built at the corner of 6th Avenue and Main Street in the late 1860s as a private residence. Charles H. Spencer was the founder of the First National Bank of Grinnell. There was one intermediate move before the building was moved to its present location. It is no longer used as a church and now houses a gift shop.</p><br>
<p>The Farmers&#39; and Exchange Bank is a historic commercial building in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 1853–54, it is an architecturally distinctive building, with Moorish Revival features rarely seen in the United States. The building is recognizable for its use of muqarnas—characteristic of Persian and North African architecture—as well as its large arched windows and striking red sandstone facade. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Farmers&#39; and Exchange Bank is located on the west side of East Bay Street in the Charleston Historic District. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of brick and multiple shades of brownstone, with stucco finish. Its main facade is three bays wide, each bay taken up by a tall arched opening with Moorish features. The first floor openings have a contoured shape, with circular windows above entries with intricately carved doors. The second-floor openings are similar, with the upper circular portion having a scalloped edge, and the arches filled with large multi-pane fixed windows.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Edward C. Jones and Francis D. Lee, both Charleston architects, and was completed in 1854. Its design is probably based on depictions of Moorish architecture published in Washington Irving&#39;s The Alhambra, which was published around that time. It was for some time thought to have been influenced by the Regency architecture of Great Britain, specifically the "Hindu" influence of buildings of that period such as the Royal Pavilion in Brighton, but the architects have been judged unlikely to have been exposed to such influences.</p><br>
<p>The structure was considered for demolition in the early 1970s but Charleston banker Hugh Lane Sr. contributed $50,000 toward its restoration.</p><br>
<p>Hampton Plantation, also known as Hampton Plantation House and Hampton Plantation State Historic Site, is a historic plantation, now a state historic site, north of McClellanville, South Carolina. The plantation was established in 1735, and its main house exhibits one of the earliest known examples in the United States of a temple front in domestic architecture. It is also one of the state&#39;s finest examples of a wood frame Georgian plantation house. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hampton Plantation today consists of just under 300 acre of land on the banks of Hampton Creek, a tributary of the Santee River in northern Charleston County, South Carolina, west of United States Route 17. Most of the plantation land is no longer in agricultural use, and has reverted to natural wooded and swampy conditions. The main house, set near Hampton Creek, is a large -story wood-frame structure, with a dormered hip roof, clapboard siding, and a raised brick foundation. Its most prominent exterior feature is a projecting temple front, with eight Doric columns (six across and two additional on the sides) supporting a decoratively carved Adamesque frieze and pedimented gable. This feature, added in 1790–91, is believed to be the first of its type in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The house has an evolutionary construction history, begun in 1735 and ending roughly in 1790–91. The original core of the house was built in 1735 by Noe Serre, a French Huguenot refugee, and was a central-hall two-story structure. The property was acquired in 1757 by Daniel Horry, who greatly expanded the building, adding a two-story ballroom on one side, and a master bedroom suite on the other. In order to ensure symmetry of appearance, Horry had false shuttered windows placed on the front walls of these additions. The front portico is the last major alteration made to the building. The Horrys, along with later owners from the Pinckney and Rutledge families, were all from politically and economically prominent South Carolina families. The last private owner of the property was Archibald Rutledge, the states first poet laureate. Rutledges 1941 book, titled Home by the River, describes his 1937 return to Hampton Plantation after a thirty-three year absence. Included is the tale of his efforts to restore the plantation and its 209-year-old house, all of which had been in his family since 1686. Pat Conroy, in his book, My Reading Life, recalls meeting Rutledge at Hampton Plantation when Conroy was an aspiring writer still in his teens, and Rutledge discussing writing, and the history of the Plantation, with him. The state purchased the property from the Rutledge family in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The former First Church of Christ, Scientist in Forest Grove, Oregon, United States, is a historic Christian Science church built in 1916. It was designed by Spencer S. Beman, son of the noted designer of Christian Science churches, Solon Spencer Beman who had died in 1914. On January 21, 1994, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ Scientist, Forest Grove was designed by Chicago architect Spencer S. Beman, son and partner of architect, Solon Spencer Beman.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ Scientist, Forest Grove was downgraded to the Christian Science Society, Forest Grove, but is no longer an active Christian Science congregation.</p><br>
<p>The Graniteville Historic District encompasses one of the first textile company towns to be established in the Southern United States. Built in the late 1840s by William Gregg near Aiken, South Carolina, and now known as Graniteville, it was modeled after New England mill towns. Gregg used the success of this enterprise to advocate for the industrialization of the South, laying the groundwork for its eventual domination of the American textile industry. The district, which includes the original canal, mill building, mill worker housing, and a period church, was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>William Gregg (1800-1867) had already had a successful career as a jeweler by the time he became involved in the textile industry in the 1840s. After touring New England and seeing its textile mills and industrial towns, he began advocating that the states of the Southern United States should industrialize to compete economically with the north. Gregg obtained financing from Charleston financiers to establish a model textile business, which would (controversially for the slavery-dominated South) employ white laborers.</p><br>
<p>Between 1845 and 1849 Gregg supervised the construction of a mile-long power canal, drawing water from Horse Creek and Bridge Creek, a mill building, schoolhouse, and 100 Carpenter Gothic wood frame worker housing units (of which 26 survive in good condition). He made available lots of land within the development for the construction of churches, of which two were eventually built. (One of these, St. Johns Methodist Church, is still standing.) The mill was furnished with the most recent technology for spinning and weaving, and went into operation in 1849. The financial success of the enterprise prompted the development of other, similar mills elsewhere in the South. Development was interrupted by the American Civil War, although this facility was one of the mainstays of textile production in the Confederacy. Greggs businesses continues to operate today, as Graniteville Specialty Fabrics.</p><br>
<p>Graniteville is located west of Aiken, on the east side of Horse Creek, a tributary of the Savannah River to the southwest. The historic district includes the original 1846 power canal (no longer used for that purpose), which runs north from the center of Graniteville on the west side of Canal Street (South Carolina Highway 191). It also includes the original 1849 mill building, the 1847 Graniteville Academy building, St. John&#39;s Methodist Church, and the surviving line of 1840s worker houses on Gregg Street.</p><br>
<p>The former First Church of Christ, Scientist is an historic Christian Science church building located at 1200 North Robinson Avenue in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. Built in 1920, it was designed in the Classical Revival style of architecture. On September 9, 2001, was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>National register listing</h2><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Scientist (added 2001 - Building - #01000949)</p><br>
<p>Also known as Center for Design Arts</p><br>
<p>1200 N. Robinson Ave., Oklahoma City</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Classical Revival</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1900-1924</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Work In Progress</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Oklahoma City businessman and tax attorney, Travis Watkins, purchased the former First Church of Christ, Scientist building at 1200 N. Robinson in August, 2018 as the headquarters of Travis W. Watkins Tax Resolution & Accounting Firm. First Church of Christ, Scientist now holds services at 4700 North Portland.</p><br>
<p>The Charleston, South Carolina, studio of sculptor Clark Mills , was his first—he worked there from 1837 to 1848, when he moved to Washington, DC. The Charleston studio was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1965. Before it became Mills&#39; studio, the building, located at 51 Broad Street, Charleston originally served as a tenement house, and now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<p>In 1848, Mills moved his studio and residence from Charleston to Washington, D.C., when he won a major contract to cast the equestrian bronze statue of Andrew Jackson—now in Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C., which made his name and foundry famous. With the success of the 1852 Andrew Jackson sculpture, Mills studio was awarded other major contracts, created in Clark Mills Studio and Foundry in Bladensburg Road, Maryland, eight miles from the Capital in Washington.</p><br>
<h2>Mills Charlston studio (1837 – 1848)</h2><br>
<p>The former Mills Studio building is located Charleston&#39;s old city, on the south side of Broad Street just west of Church Street. It is a four-story masonry structure, built out of stuccoed brick. Its front facade is now commercial, with store fronts on the ground floor, projecting bay windows on the second and third floors. The interior is also reflective of its modern uses, having been converted into professional offices around the turn of the 20th century. The building was originally built as a tenement house, and had two tenants in the 1830s, one of whom, Erastus Bulkeley, maintained a yard nearby from which he sold marble. When the other tenant moved out in 1837, Clark Mills rented that space, and established his residence and studio there.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that it is here that the self-taught Mills produced his first significant work, a marble bust of South Carolina politician John C. Calhoun.</p><br>
<p>The Broad Street building was assigned the National Historic Landmark designation on December 21, 1965, by the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP). It was included in the National Register of Historic Places Inventory in 1976 under The Clark Mills Studio, and as Stoney and Stoney Law Office.</p><br>
<h2>Mills Studio and Foundry in Washington, D.C. (1848)</h2><br>
<p>For this contract Mills moved to Washington from Charleston, bringing with him eleven slaves including the master craftsman, Philip Reid, who had become Mills apprentice. They erected a temporary foundry south of the White House for the casting. According to the Smithsonians James M. Goode, Mills with the assistance of his apprentice, Reid and laborers, produced six castings of the equestrian statue. When the bronze casting was completed in 1852, it was considered to be the "first bronze statue ever cast in America", according to The Architect of the Capitol. They had made it through "trial and error" making its "accomplishment" quite extraordinary—none of the workers, including Mills had any formal training. It has been described as the first equestrian statue made in America, and possibly the first equestrian statue of a horse rearing on two legs in which no additional support was added.</p><br>
<p>Woodlands, or the William Gilmore Simms Estate, is a historic plantation estate in Bamberg County, South Carolina. The property is nationally notable as the home for many years of author William Gilmore Simms , considered one of the leading literary voices of the antebellum Southern United States, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971. The main house, built in part by Simms, contains mementos from his period.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Woodlands estate is located 3 mi east of Bamberg on both sides of USA Highway 78, on the south bank of the south branch of the Edisto River. The main estate house is a two-story structure, brick on the first floor and wood frame on the second. Its main facade is five bays across, with asymmetrical window and door placement. The estate has two outbuildings from the 1860s: a small cabin that was used by William Gilmore Simms as a study, and a small dairy house.</p><br>
<p>The estate was already of some age when William Gilmore Simms inherited it from his in-laws in 1836. It was for many years his primary residence, where many of his most significant works were written. The main estate house was rebuilt several times, once after a fire, and again after its destruction by Union Army forces late in the American Civil War. Simms was not able to fully rebuild the main house, and only completed the library wing in 1867, which forms the first floor of the current main house.</p><br>
<p>A documentary was made about the enslaved population at the Woodlands plantation.</p><br>
<p>The Humes Ranch cabin was built around the year 1900 by William Humes. William Humes was originally from New York and arrived in the Elwha River area en route to the Klondike. William, his brother, and a cousin liked the area so much they set up homestead sites. In the early 1940s, Herb and Lois Crisler settled into the cabin at Humes Ranch, while they filmed wildlife for what became Walt Disney&#39;s film The Olympic Elk. Since acquiring the property from Peninsula Plywood, the National Park Service has restored the cabin, conforming to its original appearance and with much of the original materials. Wood deterioration, however, is occurring, as a result of the moist Olympic Peninsula environment.</p><br>
<p>The cabin is accessible via the Geyser Valley trail, approximately 3 miles from Whiskey Bend Trailhead and 1.3 miles from Goblins Gate. Just beyond the cabin lie Humes&#39; old fields and then the trail continues for less than 0.5 miles to Dodger point bridge and the Grand Canyon of the Elwha.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Apostles is an historic Carpenter Gothic Former-Episcopal church located at 1706 Hagood Avenue in Barnwell, South Carolina. On April 13, 1972, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Church of the Holy Apostles, Episcopal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Apostles was organized on November 18, 1848. The church was built in 1856 and dedicated on March 11, 1857, The cemetery adjacent to the church dates from the same time. Burials include Johnson Hagood, a confederate general in the Second Battle of Fort Wagner where Robert Gould Shaw was killed leading the all-black 54th Massachusetts regiment, a defeat portrayed in the 1989 film Glory.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Apostles is still an active parish in the Anglican Church in North America&#39;s Diocese of South Carolina. The Rev. William "Bill" Clarkson is the current rector.</p><br>
<p>The Dungeness School is a historical schoolhouse building located at 657 Towne Road in Dungeness, Washington. The idea for the school was formed in 1892 by the settlers of the Dungeness area. On May 10, 1892 a meeting was held in which settlers created a bond for land and a two-story school house. In August 1892, the Dungeness Beacon reported that the contract for construction was awarded to Hall and Duncan for $1,673. The school house opened on February 27, 1893. The school originally had 73 students from the ages of 5 to 20. The school had one teacher who lived on the second floor of the school. Classes were large and books and supplies not easy to get. School Board minutes of April 8, 1895, show a motion was passed to buy the school a bottle of ink.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, the Dungeness and Sequim School Districts were consolidated, and the old Dungeness School was closed. In 1967 the Dungeness Community Club purchased the land and the building from the Sequim School District. The Dungeness School was designated a Washington State Historical Site in 1971. On May 19, 1988, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1995, faced with rising maintenance costs, the schoolhouse was donated to the local museum and is now operated as a division of the Sequim Museum & Arts.</p><br>
<p>The original building was 36 feet by 48 feet, and then in 1921 a second wing was constructed. A USGS datum point was placed on the southeast corner of the building in 1929. In 2008 the Schoolhouse Belfry along with the original school bell was restored.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Holy Apostles Rectory is an historic Carpenter Gothic house located at 1700 Hagood Avenue in Barnwell, South Carolina, On April 13, 1972, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is also known as the Roberts House, the Old Patterson House, or The Rectory.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rev. Edwin Wagner, first rector of the Church of the Holy Apostles, had this house built before 1857 on land that he owned. He deeded part of the land adjacent to his house to the church for the erection of a church and cemetery. The house, though, remained in separate ownership from the church until recently. Later owners include James T. Aldrich and Dr. Angus Bethune Patterson, who both served in the South Carolina General Assembly.</p><br>
<p>The Huguenot Church, also called the French Huguenot Church or the French Protestant Church, is a Gothic Revival church located at 136 Church Street in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 1844 and designed by architect Edward Brickell White, it is the oldest Gothic Revival church in South Carolina, and has been designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The congregation it serves traces its origins to the 1680s, and is the only independent Huguenot church in the United States.</p><br>
<p>As Protestants in predominantly-Catholic France, Huguenots faced persecution throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Following the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, many Huguenots fled France for various parts of the world, including Charleston. The early congregation of Charlestons Huguenot Church included many of these refugees, and their descendants continued to play a role in the churchs affairs for many decades. The church was originally affiliated with the Calvinist Reformed Church of France, and its doctrine still retains elements of Calvinist doctrine. The church&#39;s services still follow 18th century French liturgy, but are conducted in English.</p><br>
<p>The church is located in the area of Charleston known as the French Quarter, which was given this name in 1973 as part of preservation efforts. It recognizes that the area had a historically high concentration of French merchants. Peter Manigault, once the wealthiest man in the British North American colonies, is buried in the church cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Huguenots, who were French Calvinists who faced suppression in France, began to settle in other areas in the sixteenth century, founding such failed colonies as Fort Caroline in Florida and Charlesfort in modern South Carolina, as well as settling in established areas, such as South Africa, Britain, and existing colonies such as New Netherlands and Virginia. In 1598, King Henry IV of France issued the Edict of Nantes, granting certain rights and protections to the Huguenots. This edict was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, prompting an exodus of Huguenots from France.</p><br>
<p>A group of 45 Huguenots arrived in Charleston in April 1680, having been sent to the colony by the English King Charles II to work as artisans, and began holding sporadic services the following year. Prioleau remained pastor of the Charleston Huguenot Church until his death in 1699.</p><br>
<p>Families associated with the church in its early decades included the Gourdin, Ravenel, Porcher, de Saussure, Huger, Mazyck, Lamar and Lanier families, though the churchs early years have been difficult to document due to the loss of its early records in a fire in 1740. Families associated with the church in later years included the Bacot, de la Plaine, Maury, Gaillard, Meserole, Macon, Gabeau, Cazenove, LHommedieu, L&#39;Espenard, Serre, Marquand, Bavard, Boudouin, Marion, Laurens, Boudinot, Gibert, Robert, and Fontaine families. Huguenots continued to migrate to Carolina throughout the first half of the 18th century, though most of their congregations were gradually absorbed into the Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>The first Huguenot Church, located at the site of the present church, was blown up by city authorities in an effort to stop a spreading fire. It was replaced by a simple brick church in 1800. This building was torn down in 1844 to make way for the present church, which was completed the following year. This third church sustained damage during the Civil War and the Charleston Earthquake of 1886, and was restored with funds from Huguenot descendant Charles Lanier of New York. The church is surrounded by a graveyard where many Huguenots are buried.</p><br>
<p>Due to a decline in membership in the early 19th century, the church began translating its French liturgy into English in 1828. With the new English liturgy, an elaborate new building, and charismatic 19th century pastors such as Charles Howard and Charles Vedder, church membership and attendance increased.</p><br>
<p>By 1912, membership had again declined, and for most of the 20th century, the church was not used for regular religious services. The local community of Huguenot descendants did occasionally open it for weddings, organ recitals, and some occasional services organized by the Huguenot Society of South Carolina. Today&#39;s congregation dates from 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Design and construction</h2><br>
<p>The present church was designed by Edward Brickell White, a local architect who had also designed a number of Greek and Roman buildings in the area, most notably Market Hall, the steeple of St. Philips Episcopal Church, and the St. Matthews German Evangelical Lutheran Church. The church was built by local contractor Ephraim Curtis.</p><br>
<p>The church is a stuccoed brick structure, three bays wide and six bays long, with each bay divided by narrow buttresses topped by elaborate pinnacles. The three front windows are topped with cast-iron crockets, and a battlement parapet surrounds the top of the church. The interior consists of walls with plaster ribbed grained vaulting, with marble tablets etched with names of Huguenot families.</p><br>
<p>The churchs organ, purchased in 1845, is a unique tracker organ designed by New York organ maker Henry Erben (1801&ndash;1883). The "tracker" connects the keys and pipe valves, and responds to the organist faster than modern mechanisms. The organs tone is similar to organs used during the Baroque period.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The church now holds regular services, which are in English, although since 1950 an annual service each April has been conducted featuring French liturgical reading to commemorate the adoption of the Edict of Nantes, which occurred in April 1598. The congregation still teaches Calvinist doctrine, and its liturgical services are derived from those developed by Neufchâtel and Vallangin, from 1737 and 1772, respectively. The church is governed by a board of directors and body of elders.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Manigault House is a historic house museum in Charleston, South Carolina that is owned and operated by the Charleston Museum. Built in 1803, it was designed by Gabriel Manigault to be the home of his brother, and is nationally significant as a well-executed and preserved example of Adam style architecture. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Manigault House is located near the center of the Charleston peninsula, at the corner of Meeting and John Streets. It is a three-story brick structure, set on a raised brick foundation. The main facade has a two-story porch across the center three bays, with elaborate doorways on both floors featuring slender pilasters and sidelight windows. A semicircular stairwell projects from one sidewall, and a bowed porch from the other, giving the house the rough shape of a parallelogram. The interior features delicately refined woodwork in its fireplace mantels, door and window moulding, and cornices, reflective of the style promoted by Robert Adam, which differentiated the scale of these elements in domestic and civic architecture. The gatehouse standing near the property entrance is an architectural folly.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1803 for Joseph Manigault to a design by his brother Gabriel. Gabriel Manigault had studied architecture in London before the American Revolutionary War, and was familiar with Robert Adam&#39;s design principles. This was the first major work of his to exhibit these principles, and was also one of the first houses in Charleston that was not obviously based on the standard "single house" and double house" models then commonly used. The house also includes a number of construction elements designed to minimize problems with pests.</p><br>
<p>Manigault&#39;s executor sold the house in 1852 to George N. Reynolds, Jr., before it was passed onto John S. Riggs in 1864. In 1920, the house was threatened with demolition to make way for a gas station. In response, a group of Charlestonians organized a preservation group which would become the Preservation Society of Charleston.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located at 1105 Quarrier Street in Charleston, West Virginia, in the United States. On November 2, 1989, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It was also listed as a contributing property in the Downtown Charleston Historic District in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>National Register listing</h2><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church ** (added 1989 - Building - #89001782)</p><br>
<p>1105 Quarrier St., Charleston</p><br>
<p>Historic Significance: Person, Event, Architecture/Engineering</p><br>
<p>Architect, builder, or engineer: Pursell, Isaac, Warne, Tucker, Silling & Hutchison</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Late Gothic Revival</p><br>
<p>Historic Person: Laidley, Alexander T.</p><br>
<p>Significant Year: 1890, 1928, 1884</p><br>
<p>Area of Significance: Architecture, Religion</p><br>
<p>Period of Significance: 1875–1899, 1900–1924, 1925–1949</p><br>
<p>Owner: Private</p><br>
<p>Historic Function: Religion</p><br>
<p>Historic Sub-function: Religious Structure</p><br>
<p>Current Function: Religion, Social</p><br>
<p>Current Sub-function: Civic, Religious Structure</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Middleburg Plantation is a historic colonial-era plantation on the Cooper River near Huger, South Carolina. The plantation house, built in 1697 by the French Huguenot Benjamin Simons, is probably the oldest standing wood-frame building in South Carolina, and is consequently an architecturally important example of period construction. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Middleburg Plantation is located southwest of Huger, between Cainhoy Road and the Cooper River. The plantation occupies about 400 acre of lowlands fronting on the river. The main house is a two-story timber-frame structure, measuring about 64 x. It is topped by a hip roof, and is three rooms wide and one deep, with single-story porches on both of its long sides. The walls are sheathed in wooden clapboards, and it has two chimneys. Its plan is a precursor to what became the typical Charleston "single house". Each floor has three rooms, with the stairwell on the north side of the central room, and a narrow hallway extending on the upper level&#39;s north side. Exterior walls are plastered, and floors are made of wide boards. Extending to the west is an ell that was added in the late 18th century, the last significant alteration to the building.</p><br>
<p>Middleburg was established in 1699 by Benjamin Simons, a French Huguenot refugee, who named it after the Dutch city of Middelburg, the capital of the Province of Zeeland, Walcheren Island where Simons fled to from France before crossing the Ocean to America. At the time of its designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1970, the house was still in the hands of Simons&#39; descendants. The plantation includes two later outbuildings: a 19th-century carriage house with fine jigsawn woodwork, and a brick commissary building that includes a slave jail in its rear.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Mills House, also known as Robert Mills Historic House and Park or the Ainsley Hall House, is a historic house museum at 1616 Blanding Street in Columbia, South Carolina. Built in 1823 to a design by Robert Mills, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its architectural significance. The Historic Columbia Foundation owns and operates the home, which has been furnished with decorative arts of the early 19th century, including American Federal, English Regency, and French Empire pieces.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Robert Mills House is located in a parklike 4 acre parcel that occupies an entire city block in central Columbia. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of brick set on a high basement with arcaded walls. Its main facade faces north, with a Classical projecting portico that has four Ionic columns supporting a gabled pediment. The main entrance is topped by a fanlight window, and the windows in the flanking bays are set in round-arch openings, a Mills design hallmark. The building&#39;s entrance hall is symmetrical, with the stairwell concealed behind a doorway that is matched by a false doorway on the opposite wall. The hall has curved ends, as do the matching parlors, providing an illusion of increased space.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by Mills and built in 1823 for Ainsley Hall, who died before it was finished. It was for many years part of the campus of the Columbia Theological Seminary, which moved out of Columbia in 1960. With the property threatened with development, it was acquired by Historic Columbia and restored, opening as a museum in 1967.</p><br>
